(;GM[1]FF[4]CA[UTF-8]AP[CGoban:3]ST[2]
RU[Japanese]SZ[19]KM[0.00]
PW[hane]PB[endgame]AW[cl][dm][qm][dn][pn][bo][co][ap][pp][qp][bq][qq][br][rr][cs][qs]AB[en][do][fo][oo][bp][cp][dp][jp][op][cq][nq][pq][cr][pr][qr]TR[cs][qs]C[Today we will show you some common endgame techniques.

In these two positions, white played hanes on the first line. However, they are both mistakes.
How can black punish them?]
(;B[ds]C[Wrong answer.]
;W[bs]
;B[dr]C[White is very happy with this result.])
(;B[bs]C[Correct answer.]
;W[as]
;B[aq]
;W[ar]
;B[dr]LB[ds:A]C[Black plays here to fend off the lower side. If you have enough ko threats you can block also block at A as black.]
;AE[ar][dr][as][cs]C[Therefore, on the lower left, the correct endgame for white would have been to extend!]
;W[bs]
;B[aq]C[This throw-in is no longer useful.]
;W[ar]C[White has an eye in the corner.])
(;B[ps]C[Also blocking here is bad.]
;W[rs]C[White is happy.])
(;B[rs]C[Correct answer.]
;W[ss]LB[ps:A]C[Black can block at A now or later. ]
;B[ps]
;W[rq]
;B[rs]
;W[sr]C[The difference with the wrong variation is around 3 points.])
(;AE[cl][dm][qm][dn][en][pn][bo][co][do][fo][oo][ap][bp][bq][nq][br][rr][cs][qs]AW[cn][qn][cp][dp][cq][cr][qr][ds][ps]AB[ep][fp][mp][np][dq][gq][dr]TR[ds][ps]C[In these 2 situations the hanes of white are good moves. 
Now black should find the right answers.

You can find these shapes in almost every game.
Many people make mistakes here.
How sould black answer on both sides? What is the difference?]
;W[]
(;B[es]C[First of all, never block here.]
;W[er]C[Black has been cut.]
;B[cs]
;W[eq])
(;B[er]C[Typical mistake.]
;W[es]
;B[fs]
;W[cs]
;B[fr]C[In this variation black loses sente. Compared to the right way of playing, black has 1 point more in this variation. However, losing or having sente is more important.
])
(;B[fr]LB[gq:A]C[This is the correct answer.
Note that this is because black has a stone at A.]
(;W[fs]C[White can reduce black by 3 points more, but white will end in gote.]
;B[gs]
;W[es]
;B[er]
;W[cs])
(;W[dj]C[Usually white will play tenuki, leaving black with a good sente move.]
;B[es]
;W[cs]))
(;B[nr]LB[mq:A]C[Wrong answer.

Here this shape move does not work well, because black does not have a stone at A.]
;W[ns]C[This is now sente for white.]
;B[ms]
;W[os]
;B[or]
;W[qs]
;B[mr]TR[mr][ms]C[White reduced 2 points more than in the correct sequence.])
(;B[or]LB[mq:A]C[In this case P2 is correct.

The situation is different here. Black does not have a stone at A.]
;W[os]
;B[ns]
;W[qs]
;B[nr]))
(;AE[cl][dm][qm][dn][en][pn][bo][co][fo][oo][ap][bp][jp][op][pp][qp][bq][nq][pq][qq][br][pr][qr][rr][cs][qs]AW[lb][kc][kd][le][me][ne][oe][re][pf][qf][cn][do][eo][cp][ep][cq][cr][ds]AB[mb][mc][md][nd][od][pd][qd][rd][fp][gp][hp][dq][eq][iq][dr]LB[ma:B][sd:A]TR[ds]C[Upper side: Which hane is first?

Lower side: How should black answer?]
(;W[sd]C[Wrong direction.]
;B[sc]
;W[se]
;B[rb]C[Good answer.]
;W[ma]
;B[na]
;W[la]LB[rb:A]C[This is not sente anymore. Because of black A.])
(;W[ma]C[Correct hane.]
;B[na]
;W[la]
(;B[nb]C[This is easy. White's hane on the other side will also be sente.]
;W[sd]
;B[sc]
;W[se]
;B[rc])
(;B[rb]LB[sd:A]C[Black can think of this move. It looks like a good move, so white A will be gote. But it does not work.]
;W[nb]
;B[oa]
;W[ob]
;B[pa]
(;W[pb]C[Wrong. Now it is good for black.]
;B[qa]
;W[qb]
;B[ra]C[Doesn't work.])
(;W[qb]C[Good move!]
;B[qa]
;W[ra]C[Throw in is the key!]
;B[sa]
;W[pb]C[The corner is dead.])))
(;B[es]C[Let's shift to the lower side. This move is a big mistake!]
;W[fq]
;B[cs]
;W[fr]C[Black has been captured.])
(;B[er]C[Not recommended. It is ugly style.]
(;W[es]LB[er:A]C[When white plays here, A turned out to be a good move.]
;B[fs]C[Black is happy to block.]
;W[cs]
;B[fr]LB[fq:1][gq:2][hq:3][gr:4][hr:5][gs:6][hs:7]C[Black has 7 points. This is more than in the correct answer.
But white will not play like this.])
(;W[fs]LB[er:A]C[This is a surprising move to make A bad. ]
;B[gr]
;W[es]
(;B[gs]LB[fq:1][gq:2][hq:3][hr:4][hs:5]C[Black has 5 points. This is actually the same amount as in the correct variation. However, black played in bad style. Note that this last move of black is the only move to take the 5 points. In the correct shape, black might have an alternative.]
;W[fr]C[Also, there is a very small chance that white might get this move. In that case black will have 1 point less than in the right variation.]
;B[fq]
;W[cs])
(;B[jr]C[To defend the lower side's points, fancy ideas like this don't work here.]
;W[gs]C[This push can not be blocked.]
;B[hr])))
(;B[fr]C[Correct answer.]
;W[fs]
;B[gs]
;W[es]
(;B[gr]C[Here, when black played good style, black might have alternatives for this last move.])
(;B[jr]C[Black could defend his territory with this kind of idea. Perhaps black can use this move to influence another part of the board.])))
(;AE[cl][dm][qm][dn][en][pn][bo][co][do][fo][oo][ap][bp][cp][op][qp][bq][cq][pq][qq][br][cr][qr][rr][cs][qs]AW[cn][qn][mo][no][dp][np][dq][eq][oq][dr][pr]AB[ep][fp][ip][kp][lp][mp][fq][er][fr][nr][or][ds][ps]TR[ds][ps]C[Here black played hanes on the first line! How should white play? And what is the difference between the two positions?]
(;W[cs]C[Blocking here is without danger.]
;B[es]
;W[cr]C[This is 3points sente endgame for black.])
(;W[qs]C[Blocking here however can be tricky!]
;B[qr]C[There is aji in the corner.]
;W[os]
;B[qq]
;W[pq]
;B[rs]
(;W[ps]
;B[sr]C[Black can make life.]
;W[rq]
;B[rp]
;W[qp]
;B[rr]
;W[ro]
;B[sq]
;W[so]
;B[sp]C[Black lives. However...]
;W[lr]C[White also destroys some of black's territory! Remember this from episode 36?])
(;W[rr]C[White can also try to kill the corner if he has enough ko threats.]))
(;W[qr]C[Extending here makes sure black can not live in the corner. However it's painful to lose sente. 
This move is not necessarily the right move. If you want to know more about this corner, please watch episode 36!]
;B[qs]
;W[rs]
;B[os]
;W[rr]C[Black gained 5 points in sente.]))
(;AE[cl][dm][qm][dn][en][co][do][oo][ap][bp][dp][jp][nq][qq][br][qr][rr][cs][qs]AW[cm][om][qn][qo][cp][pq][cr][dr][er][pr][fs][os]AB[nn][on][po][mp][pp][dq][eq][fq][jq][oq][fr][or]TR[fs][os]C[We can see these positions very often.
How should black answer?]
(;B[gs]C[Typical mistake. White is happy.]
;W[es]
;B[gr]C[Black lost more than 1 point in comparison to the right variation.])
(;B[es]C[Correct answer.]
(;W[ds]
;B[gr]LB[gs:A]C[White can not play A.])
(;W[gs]C[Extending doesn't work.]
;B[gr]
;W[hs]
;B[hr]
;W[is]
;B[js]
;W[ir]
;B[iq]
;W[ds]
;B[jr]C[White can not save 5 stones.]))
(;B[ns]C[Typical mistake.]
;W[ps]
;B[nr]C[Again black loses more than 1 point.])
(;B[qq]C[Correct answer.]
;W[qr]
;B[rq]
;W[rr]
;B[ps]C[Good endgame similar to the one we just saw.]
;W[qs]
;B[nr]LB[ns:A]C[Again black plays the empty triangle. White can not play A.]
;W[ns]
;B[ms]
;W[ps]
;B[sr]
;AE[qq][rq][nr][qr][rr][sr][ms][ns][os][ps][qs]
;AE[fs]
(;W[fs]LB[es:A]C[Note that eventhough black can throw in with A, playing this hane by white is still better than just extending onto the first line.]
;B[es]
;W[ds]
;B[gr]
;W[br]
;B[gs]LB[ar:4][as:3][bs:2][cs:1][ds:5]SQ[gr][gs]C[Like this white has 5 points including a captured stone. Black no longer has points on the marked spots. So black lost 2 points and white 1 here. So white is 1 points better in this variation, when white plays the hane on the first line. Note that there is still a possibility for ko, which is half a point.])
(;W[es]C[This move is suboptimal.]
;B[fs]LB[ar:5][br:4][as:6][bs:3][cs:2][ds:1]SQ[gr][gs]C[Like this white has 6 points in the corner. Black has two points at the marked spots.]))))